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The question remains as to what has occurred to make premarital pregnancy so much more common among sexually active compared with the non-sexually active teens. Is it related to the availability of less effective contraceptives, since availability plays such an important role in contraceptive use? Or is there a difference in attitudes toward childbearing? Will this put pressure on unmarried teens to try to have a child before marriage? Clearly their contraceptives are not ineffective, and all contraceptive methods are far more effective than the pill, which is a commonly used and inadequate method. The rate of premarital pregnancy is so much higher among sexually active young women, so it is surprising to find that the average age of marriage is one year older for the sexually active compared with non-sexually active girls.
It is clear that the number of users of contraceptives has increased quite a bit since 1970. The use of combined oral contraceptive pills has increased from about 2 percent of all sexually active teens to 5 percent, and of the non-users, 36 percent became users of contraceptives after the previous pregnancy (Zelnik et al., 1983). Since non-users are not included in the calculations, it is not clear how much this increase is responsible for the decrease in the incidence of premarital pregnancy. The proportion of non-users using a method has increased from 12 percent to 20 percent. The pill is the most commonly used method. The proportion of non-users of contraceptives who become users of contraceptives after a previous pregnancy is somewhat greater, 15 percent. This is somewhat similar to the proportion of non-users who become users after a birth, which is usually considered to be a major cause of teenage pregnancy. Thus, there does appear to be an increase in the proportion that use contraceptives after a birth.
Contraceptive use is so much higher among sexually active than non-sexually active teens, and the age at first marriage is also higher among the sexually active compared with the non-sexually active. It is somewhat of a puzzle that in spite of this, the incidence of premarital pregnancy has not increased. There are some clues. Non-users of contraceptives, the women who do not use contraceptives and those who are sexually active but were not users, showed an increase in the incidence of premarital pregnancy. d2c66b5586