Maqalat Al Islamiyyin Pdf Free ((EXCLUSIVE))
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According to al-Ash'ari, God's consent is not a weakness on his part, for if he were to consent to something harmful, he would not be God. The Mu'tazilites supposed that God was unaware of the wickedness of the great majority of mankind but he had already foreseen and predicted in the Qur'an the punishment which would swiftly follow their actions. Such a reading of the Qur'an, however, was not possible for al-Ash'ari and other Ash'arites. To them, the Qur'an was the words of God revealed to Muhammad, and was thus divine in origin; the book's subsequent scriptural nature was necessarily independent of God's actions. Al-Ash'ari held that the only texts which could be taken literally are those which are referred to in the Qur'an. That were to deny that the Qur'an must have been true, then evidently all decisions which derive from it had been false, since it would have been possible for God to have inspired a false text. If God had chosen to say that his prophets had not actually received visions from him, he would indeed have incurred a contradiction. On the other hand, if people refer to the Qur'an but, in doing so, attribute its texts to God, they would utter falsehood. Thus, on al-Ash'ari's account, neither the Qur'an nor the sub-narrative of the Prophet's career can be taken at face value.
According to al-Ash'ari and al-Mu'tazili theologians (maqalat al-tasawwuf), God cannot be a witness for falsehood and this is not because the witness can neither perceive nor influence it; nor can he be a party to sin because sin could not exist without his permission. God does not witness to falsehood either because falsehood cannot exist, or because the witness to falsehood is indeed a thing, if not an abstract entity, which God created. This kind of witness is explained by al-Ash'ari in terms of a manifestation of God which can never reflect his essence. d2c66b5586